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Unveiling Injustice: The Oklahoma Race Attacks of 1973/74

During the tumultuous period spanning 1973 and 1974, the city of Oklahoma City found itself in the grip of an alarming phenomenon—an unprecedented surge in targeted assaults specifically directed at members of the white community residing within its borders. These unprovoked attacks, which struck fear into the hearts of residents and left an indelible mark on the city’s collective memory, have long been attributed to a local faction of extremists affiliated with the Nation of Islam. Their motives and the intricate network that fueled these acts of violence remain subjects of intense scrutiny and investigation.

While the passage of time has dimmed the clarity surrounding these events, many of the cases from that era still stand unresolved, leaving a lingering sense of frustration and unanswered questions. However, amid the prevailing uncertainty, the criminal justice system managed to make a breakthrough in one particular case, culminating in the arrest and subsequent conviction of a man named Alfred Brooks. Charged with one count of murder, Brooks stood as a symbol of accountability, albeit for just a fraction of the overall wave of attacks that plagued the city.

The significance of Brooks’s conviction lies not only in the heinous crime for which he was found guilty but also in the chilling discovery of the firearm used in the attack. The investigation revealed that this weapon, with its dark history stained by bloodshed, could be linked to at least four other homicides. This revelation cast a sinister shadow over the entire series of crimes, exposing a far-reaching and interconnected web of violence that had gripped the city during those troubled times.

The impact of these attacks extended far beyond the immediate victims and their families, permeating the very fabric of the Oklahoma City community. Fear and unease became an unwelcome companion for residents, who found themselves on edge and mistrustful of their own neighbors. The scars left behind by the relentless wave of violence served as a painful reminder of the underlying tensions and deep-rooted challenges faced by the city at that time.

To fully comprehend the magnitude of these events, it is imperative to consider the broader societal context in which they unfolded. Oklahoma City was grappling with issues of race, extremism, and the quest for justice, as law enforcement agencies and community leaders worked tirelessly to unravel the complex dynamics behind the assaults. These crimes were not isolated incidents but rather reflections of the complex social landscape that shaped the city, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the forces at play.

As we reflect upon this dark chapter in Oklahoma City’s history, it serves as a somber reminder of the profound impact that such events can have on a community. The search for truth, justice, and closure remains an ongoing endeavor, fueled by the collective hope that one day all the pieces of this intricate puzzle will come together. The ultimate goal is to shed light on the truth behind these tragic events and provide solace to those affected, restoring a sense of peace and healing to the wounded cityscape.

 Members of the Nation of Islam were involved in a tense confrontation during a Juneteenth celebration at Douglass High School in which they demanded the disc jockey to cease his mobile broadcast or play a recording titled ‘Muhammad Speaks’ .

Sunday, June 17, 1973 at 6:00 pm

 Alfred Brooks, (pictured) aged 20, and Lattes N. McNelley, aged 26, were apprehended by the police during their response to the disturbance, following a traffic stop. Brooks and McNelley were arrested however, their time in custody would be short lived as both were released by authorities without facing any formal charges. 

Sunday, June 17, 1973 at 6:50 pm

 Theodore G. X (pictured)., a controversial leader associated with the Nation of Islam, accompanied by approximately 20 individuals, arrived at police headquarters and demanded the release of Brooks and McNelley. Theodore expressed concern that if their demands were not met, it could potentially create an opportunity for “other groups” to exploit the situation, thereby suggesting that police officers might face risks on the east side of town. Eventually, sometime later, Brooks was released.  

Sunday, June 17, 1973 at 10:30 pm

 Two African-American individuals approach a residence located at 1642 NE 30th in Oklahoma City, where a white family resides in a predominantly black neighborhood. Unprovoked, the strangers open fire, injuring Edward Norton and his 24-year-old son, Robert Norton, who tragically loses his life. Subsequently, at a later time, the C.R. Anthony department store (pictured) situated at 1813 NE 23rd St, Oklahoma City becomes the target of a firebombing incident.  

MONDAY, JUNE 18, 1973 at 12:01 am

In the early hours of the morning, two individuals wake a white family residing at 1130 NE 20th Street, Oklahoma City (pictured). Despite their persistent efforts, one of the residents named Ryan Caldwell, aged 32, refuses to unlock the door, prompting the assailants to resort to violence. They discharge their firearms, penetrating the door and striking Ryan multiple times. Fortunately, he manages to survive the ordeal. In a separate incident that occurred at a later time, Northeast High School’s auditorium suffers significant damage due to a series of deliberate fires deliberately set by unknown individuals. The fires, suspected to be acts of arson, ravage the auditorium, causing substantial harm. Three African American males pull up alongside a car in the vicinity of NW 38 Street, Oklahoma City and shoot Patricia Hall in the head with a shotgun. She survives.  Later that morning — Seven firebombs go off at the Cowboy Hall of Fame & Western Heritage Center, causing minor damage. A small fire erupts at Wehba’s Grocery Store, 1235 N Kelham Street. 

Sunday, March 17, 1974 at 1:15 am

Sharon K. Workman departs from the Holiday Inn (pictured) located at NW 39 and Interstate 44 with the intention of picking up a pizza. Unfortunately, her evening takes a harrowing turn when she becomes the victim of an abduction perpetrated by two African American males. In a distressing sequence of events, she is coerced to undress and compelled to lie down on the floor of her vehicle. The assailants employ her own bra to bind her, choke her with a scarf, and strike her with a firearm. After a period of unconsciousness, Sharon regains awareness only to witness the assailants hastily fleeing the scene, likely prompted by the sound of a barking dog. 

Saturday, June 8, 1974 at 1:50am

Upon leaving Uncle Charlie’s Club at 1600 Northwest Expressway (pictured inside of DeVille Motor Hotel), Lynn Marie Nunn falls victim to an abduction perpetrated by an African American male. In a terrifying ordeal, she is coerced to remove her clothing and compelled to lie on the floorboards of the vehicle. However, displaying incredible bravery and quick thinking, Lynn Marie takes a daring leap of faith by throwing herself out of the moving car, managing to escape her captor’s clutches. 

Monday, June 15, 1974

Nancy Lynn Nuckels, 21, (pictured) is abducted from a nightclub and shot six times. Her body is found nude in a wooded area in the 700 block of Northwest Expressway in Oklahoma City. Her clothing is found later inside her car, which had been abandoned at an apartment complex at NE 26 and Laird Streets. 

Saturday, Aug 2-3, 1974

 Around midnight Judy Webb, 18, and her roommate, Karen Trantham, 23, left the Apartment Key Club (pictured) at 2525 NW 10th St. in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The women, both white, were sitting inside their car when two black men approached. One had a gun. The men forced the roommates to strip naked and get in the trunk of the car. Near the 6500 block of Coltrane, the women were released and told to walk down a dirt road. Then the shooting started. “Webb was killed in the barrage of small-caliber bullets fired by their assailants,” The Oklahoman reported. “Though wounded … Trantham was able to run to a house about a block away and get help.” What happened that night continued a chain of violence that began on June 17, 1973, police said. The Webb-Trantham shootings weren’t the first, nor were they the last, but they were, perhaps, the most pivotal. Trantham lived. Later, she identified Alfred X. Brooks as one of her attackers. For the first time, there was a solid tie to the Nation of Islam. 

Sunday, Aug 19, 1974 at 12:30am

At the Gulf Service Station located at 4400 SE 29 in Del City. Stephen Ray Wilburn, a young individual aged 20, loses his life in a act of violence, which can only be described as an execution. 

Monday, Aug 26, 1974 at 12:30am

Tragedy strikes at Ken’s Pizza, located at 1424 W Lindsey Street in Norman, Oklahoma as Carlton Fields, 24, and Jerry Hohne, 23, fall victim to a fatal shooting. Despite the gravity of their injuries, Carlton Fields manages to hold on to life for approximately four hours. During this time, he provides a crucial description of the assailant, identifying the perpetrator as an African American male donning a green uniform and wielding a sizable pistol, possibly a .357 caliber. The investigation into this horrific incident is underway to bring justice to the victims and uncover the motives behind this senseless act of violence. 

Aug 31 – Sept 2, 1974 at 7:30am

On the morning of September 2, the body of Larry Cox, 19 was discovered inside the women's restroom of a Malone Oil Co. service station located on Southwest Lee Boulevard, Lawton, OK. Cox has been shot in the head execution style sometime after 10:30 p.m. on Aug 31st. 

LOCATIONS

Jerry Hohne Grave

7500 W Britton Rd, Oklahoma City, OK 73132, 


Outriger Club

2460 Northwest 39th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 


Apartment Key Club

2525 North west 10th street, Oklahoma City


Norton Shooting

1624 Northwest 30th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 


Lynn Marie Nunn Abduction

1600 Northwest Expressway, Oklahoma City, OK, 


Two men shoot at Ryan Caldwell through his front door

1132 Northeast 20th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 


Muhammad’s Temple of Islam

1322 Northeast 23rd Street, Oklahoma City, OK, US


Norton Shooting

1642 Northeast 30th Street, Oklahoma City, OK


Firebombing

1813 Northeast 23rd Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 


Judy Lynn Webb

35.60530, -97.4911017.3


Robert Norton

35.331461, -97.50324219.5


Gas Station Shooting

4400 Southeast 29th Street, Del City, OK


Nancy Nuckles Grave

35.15970, -97.6517025


Former Ken's Pizza

1424 W Lindsey Street, Norman


Malones Oil Gas Station

1508 Southwest Lee Boulevard, Lawton, OK


Larry D Cox Grave

34.62140, -98.5064073.9


Carlton Fields Grave

36.08610, -95.88190113


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